Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound have become household names fast enough that the pharmacology behind them has struggled to keep pace with the public conversation. Most people know these drugs produce significant weight loss. Far fewer understand the biological mechanism through which they do it, why that mechanism is more sophisticated than simple appetite suppression,…

For most of modern nutrition science, the dominant framework for understanding why people eat the way they do has been behavioral and psychological. People overeat because of stress, habit, emotional regulation, food environment, and learned patterns of reward-seeking that develop across a lifetime of experience with food. Dietary interventions built on this framework attempt to…

GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro are changing the way millions of people experience hunger, fullness, and their relationship with food. The medications work, and for many people they work dramatically. But the conversation around what to eat while taking them has not kept pace with how widely they are now prescribed. Most…

For most of the past two decades, bariatric surgery was the most effective treatment available for severe obesity. Nothing else came close in terms of the magnitude of weight loss it produced or the durability of that loss over five and ten years of follow-up. That comparison has changed. The emergence of GLP-1 receptor agonists,…

When semaglutide and its relatives first entered mainstream clinical conversation, the framework was simple. These were drugs for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss was the headline outcome, glycemic control was the clinical mechanism, and the patient population was defined by body mass index and metabolic disease. That framework has been quietly dismantled by…